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Related Concept Videos

Distribution and Dispersion00:54

Distribution and Dispersion

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To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Adapting Taylor Dispersion to Measure the Dispersion Coefficient of Electrolyte Solutions via an Accessible Microfluidic Setup
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A model for dispersion experiments.

B F J Manly1

  • 1Biometrics Unit, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A flexible new model improves the analysis of animal dispersion data. This generalization of the random walk model offers wider applicability for ecological studies.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Biomathematics

Background:

  • Understanding organismal movement and dispersal is crucial in ecology.
  • Existing models, like the random walk, have limitations in accurately capturing complex dispersal patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, flexible mathematical model for analyzing organismal dispersion.
  • To demonstrate the model's utility and broader applicability compared to traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a generalized mathematical model for dispersion.
  • Application and validation of the model using empirical data from dispersion experiments.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model effectively fits data from various dispersion experiments.

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Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Adapting Taylor Dispersion to Measure the Dispersion Coefficient of Electrolyte Solutions via an Accessible Microfluidic Setup
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  • Successful application demonstrated with datasets for millipedes and Drosophila.

    • Conclusions:

    • The new dispersion model offers enhanced flexibility and wider applicability.
    • This model provides a valuable tool for analyzing complex dispersal patterns in ecological research.