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Temperature and development in host-parasite relationships.

V G Nealis1, R E Jones2, W G Wellington1

  • 1Institute of Animal Resource Ecology, The University of British Columbia, 2075 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 1W5, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temperature significantly impacts the development of the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) and its wasp parasites. Parasite generation times vary by location and temperature, influencing their effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • The cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) is a significant agricultural pest.
  • Wasp species (Apanteles rubecula, Apanteles glomeratus, Pteromalus puparum) are natural enemies of P. rapae.
  • Environmental factors, particularly temperature, influence insect development and population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of temperature on the growth and development of Pieris rapae and its three primary wasp parasites.
  • To compare developmental thresholds and degree-day requirements for immature stages across different geographic locations (Vancouver, Canada, and Canberra, Australia).
  • To analyze how host size and parasite density affect parasite development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of developmental data for Pieris rapae and its wasp parasites across two distinct climate zones.
  • Estimation of temperature thresholds and degree-day requirements for immature development.
  • Assessment of host size and parasite density impacts on parasite growth and development.

Main Results:

  • Developmental patterns of Pieris rapae and its parasites differ significantly between Vancouver and Canberra.
  • Australian parasites exhibit longer generation times than the host at low temperatures and shorter at high temperatures.
  • Canadian parasites consistently have shorter generation times relative to the host, potentially due to shorter breeding seasons.
  • Parasite size decreases at higher temperatures, with males being smaller than females; host size and parasite density also influence parasite size.
  • Host larval development is retarded by Apanteles species.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature is a critical determinant of developmental rates and generation times for Pieris rapae and its parasites.
  • Geographic variation in climate influences the relative fitness and life-history strategies of these insects.
  • Understanding these temperature-dependent relationships is crucial for predicting population dynamics and for biological control strategies.