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Related Concept Videos

Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

2.3K
Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...
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Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

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From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...
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Capacitors and Capacitance01:18

Capacitors and Capacitance

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A device consisting of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance and used to store electrical charges is called a capacitor. The space between the conductors is either a vacuum or an insulating material, called a dielectric. Capacitors have many applications, ranging from filtering static from radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators.
When the conductors are two identical parallel plates, it is called a parallel plate capacitor. When battery terminals are...
9.9K
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

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Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...
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Bode Plots Construction01:24

Bode Plots Construction

1.2K
The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
1.2K
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

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Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
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[A new actograph operating by capacitance sensing].

Rudolf Machan1, Werner Himstedt1

  • 1I. Zoologisches Institut der Universität Wien, Wien, Deutschland.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A novel capacitance sensing device accurately detects small animal activity and location. This highly sensitive detector uses a special bridge circuit, ideal for ecological and ethological studies.

Area of Science:

  • Ecological monitoring
  • Animal behavior studies
  • Sensor technology

Context:

  • Ecological and ethological studies require precise tracking of small animal movements.
  • Existing capacitance sensing devices face challenges in detecting minute capacitance changes.
  • Reliable recording of animal location and activity is crucial for research.

Purpose:

  • To develop an extremely sensitive capacitance detector for monitoring small animals.
  • To overcome the limitations of detecting small capacitance variations in ecological studies.
  • To create a stable and sensitive device for long-term animal tracking.

Summary:

  • A specialized bridge circuit enables highly sensitive capacitance detection.
  • The device utilizes two copper foil sensors (C1 and C2) and a Schmitt trigger for differential current measurement.

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  • Environmental influences affecting both sensors equally are eliminated, ensuring stability and sensitivity.
  • Animal presence between sensors creates a capacitance bridge, allowing activity and presence detection.
  • The system configuration allows for detailed activity pattern recording, including entry/exit times.

    • Impact:

    • Enables reliable, non-invasive monitoring of small animal behavior in ecological and ethological research.
    • Offers excellent long-time stability and sensitivity, crucial for accurate data collection.
    • Provides a foundation for advanced animal tracking systems with customizable sensor arrangements.
    • Demonstrates the potential of capacitance sensing for detailed behavioral analysis.