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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

25.2K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
25.2K
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

45.7K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
45.7K
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.4K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.4K
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

11.9K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
11.9K
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

17.6K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
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Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains

Published on: January 18, 2014

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Neighborhood competition in several violet populations.

D M Waller1

  • 1The Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study adapted neighborhood competition analysis for herbaceous perennials, using violet populations. While correlations were observed, significant results were limited, indicating challenges in applying these methods to natural perennial plant communities.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Previous competition research focused on woody or annual plants.
  • Herbaceous perennials present unique challenges for competition analysis.
  • Understanding local competition is crucial for plant community ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the applicability of neighborhood competition techniques to natural herbaceous perennial populations.
  • To investigate the relationship between local competition and individual plant size (leaf number) in violet species.
  • To identify limitations and potential improvements for competition studies in perennials.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 11 natural populations of four violet species (Viola spp.).
  • Quantified local competition using neighbor plant density, size, and aggregation in concentric annuli.

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  • Employed simple rank correlations and multiple regression to model ramet size (leaf number).

    • Main Results:

    • Simple correlations between competition measures and leaf number were often in the expected direction but rarely significant.
    • Multiple regression models explained 5-59% of the variance in leaf number, with best prediction in Newfoundland Viola incognita.
    • Total plant density did not correlate with predictive success.

    Conclusions:

    • The neighborhood competition approach is adaptable to natural herbaceous perennials.
    • Low plant density, imprecise performance metrics, and microhabitat variation limit the method's utility.
    • Determining specific competitive mechanisms remains challenging with this approach.