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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

25.2K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
25.2K
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
22.0K
Ecological Niches02:02

Ecological Niches

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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.4K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Variation and trade-offs in life history traits of the protist parasite <i>Monocystis perplexa</i> (Apicomplexa) in its earthworm host <i>Amynthas agrestis</i>.

PeerJ·2024
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APOLOCYSTIS BOSANQUETI N. SP. (APICOMPLEXA: EUGREGARINORIDA) FROM THE INVASIVE EARTHWORM AMYNTHAS AGRESTIS (ANNELIDA: MEGASCOLECIDAE), WITH SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE MONOPHYLY OF THE FAMILY MONOCYSTIDAE.

The Journal of parasitology·2023
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Genetic population structure and reproductive system of two invasive Asian earthworms, <i>Amynthas tokioensis</i> and <i>Amynthas agrestis</i>.

PeerJ·2022
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A New Species of Monocystis (Apicomplexa: Gregarina: Monocystidae) from the Asian Invasive Earthworm Amynthas agrestis (Megascolecidae), with an Improved Standard for Monocystis Species Descriptions.

The Journal of parasitology·2020
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The drivers and consequences of unstable <i>Plasmodium</i> dynamics: a long-term study of three malaria parasite species infecting a tropical lizard.

Parasitology·2018
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Parasites and the evolution of extravagant male characters: Anolis lizards on Caribbean islands as a test of the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis.

Oecologia·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice
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In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

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Parasite-mediated competition in Anolis lizards.

Jos J Schall1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Malaria infection in Anolis gingivinus lizards on St. Maarten dictates the presence of competing Anolis wattsi. This parasite-mediated competition explains lizard distribution patterns on Caribbean islands.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Two Anolis lizard species on St. Maarten are similar in size and highly competitive.
  • Anolis wattsi is restricted to central hills, while Anolis gingivinus is widespread.
  • Plasmodium azurophilum malaria rarely infects A. wattsi but commonly infects A. gingivinus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of malaria in mediating competition and distribution of Anolis lizards on St. Maarten.
  • To understand parasite-mediated competition dynamics in Anolis lizard communities.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study correlating malaria presence/absence with Anolis species distribution.
  • Analysis of Anolis gingivinus blood to assess pathology caused by Plasmodium azurophilum.
Keywords:
AnolisCaribbeanCompetitionLizardsMalariaParasite

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Main Results:

  • Anolis wattsi presence is consistently linked to areas where A. gingivinus is infected with malaria.
  • Areas without malaria are exclusively inhabited by A. gingivinus.
  • Malaria infection in A. gingivinus causes significant blood pathology, including changes in red and white blood cells.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmodium azurophilum malaria is a key factor mediating competition between Anolis gingivinus and Anolis wattsi.
  • Parasite-mediated competition influences the distribution patterns of these Anolis lizard species on St. Maarten.
  • Variable susceptibility to parasitic infection can drive community ecology, suggesting parasite-mediated competition may be widespread in Anolis populations.