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Zooplankton spine induces aversion in small fish predators.

D Rae Barnhisel1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Juvenile yellow perch avoid eating the spined cladoceran Bythotrephes cederstroemi due to its spine. Removing the spine increases prey preference and ingestion by young fish.

Keywords:
BehaviorBythotrephes cederstroemiCladoceranPredator defenseYellow perch

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Zooplankton Ecology
  • Fish Predation Studies

Background:

  • Bythotrephes cederstroemi possesses a spine that deters predation by small fish.
  • Juvenile fish often forage on zooplankton, making them vulnerable to interactions with spined prey.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the spine in Bythotrephes cederstroemi in predator avoidance.
  • To determine how spine length affects prey selection and ingestion by juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens).

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using juvenile yellow perch (50-60 mm) and Bythotrephes.
  • Experiment 1: Observed perch interactions with intact Bythotrephes to assess learning and aversion.
  • Experiment 2: Offered Bythotrephes with varying spine lengths (none, half, full) to evaluate spine's influence on attack and ingestion.

Main Results:

  • Perch initially attacked and captured Bythotrephes but struggled with ingestion, leading to repeated rejection and eventual aversion.
  • Perch showed significantly higher attack preference and ingestion rates for Bythotrephes with no or reduced spine length.
  • Spine removal reduced prey rejection and increased successful ingestion by juvenile perch.

Conclusions:

  • Aversion is an effective anti-predation strategy for juvenile fish facing spined zooplankton like Bythotrephes.
  • Bythotrephes' spine facilitates its survival and competitive ability against young fish by inducing predator aversion, despite being a zooplankton predator itself.