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Environmentally-based maternal effects: a hidden force in insect population dynamics?

M C Rossiter1

  • 1Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parental diet affects gypsy moth offspring. Maternal nutrition influences offspring growth, dispersal, and survival, potentially destabilizing population dynamics.

Keywords:
Life history traitsLymantria disparMaternal effectsPlant-Herbivore interactionsPopulation dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Insect Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Parental nutrition significantly impacts offspring traits in insects.
  • Maternal effects can influence insect population dynamics and outbreak potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how parental nutritional environment affects gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) offspring growth and dispersal.
  • To determine the role of maternal effects in insect population regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Parental gypsy moths fed on red oak with varying defoliation and tannin levels; offspring fed a synthetic diet.
  • Experiment 2: Parental gypsy moths fed on red or black oak; offspring fed different oak species or synthetic diets.
  • Statistical analysis to account for genetic effects and quantify maternal and offspring diet influences.

Main Results:

  • Offspring pupal weight increased with maternal defoliation exposure.
  • Daughter prefeeding duration decreased with maternal condensed tannin exposure; son pupal weight decreased.
  • Offspring diet explained 52% of development time variation; parental host explained 24%.

Conclusions:

  • Environmentally-based maternal effects significantly shape offspring dispersal, growth, and fecundity in gypsy moths.
  • Maternal effects can introduce time delays in density-dependent responses, potentially destabilizing populations.
  • These effects are crucial for understanding insect population dynamics and outbreak patterns.