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Short-term responses to elevated predator densities: noncompetitive intraguild interactions and behavior.

M D Moran1, L E Hurd2

  • 1Ecology Program, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA.

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Summary

Introducing Chinese mantids (Tenodera sinensis) reduced carnivorous arthropods and caused spiders to emigrate. Intraguild predation, not just prey competition, rapidly decreased predator populations in this short-term study.

Keywords:
Arthropod predatorsCommunity structureMantids Intraguild predationSpiders

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Predator-prey dynamics

Background:

  • Generalist predators can significantly impact arthropod community structure.
  • Understanding predator-prey interactions is crucial for ecological management.
  • Intraguild predation and behavioral responses are key factors in predator-prey dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the short-term effects of elevated generalist predator densities on an arthropod assemblage.
  • To determine the impact of Chinese mantids (Tenodera sinensis) on other arthropods, including predators and herbivores.
  • To assess the role of predator avoidance behavior and intraguild predation in response to increased predator populations.

Main Methods:

  • A replicated, controlled field experiment was conducted.
  • Chinese mantids (Tenodera sinensis) were introduced to experimental plots.
  • Arthropod abundances and emigration patterns were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Mantids significantly reduced abundances of carnivorous arthropods more than herbivores.
  • Cursorial spiders emigrated from plots with mantids at higher rates than controls.
  • Emigrating spiders were initially small and prey for mantids, indicating intraguild predation and avoidance behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The initial response to increased predator density involved heightened intraguild predation and predator avoidance, leading to a faster decline in predator populations than competition for prey alone.
  • Predator avoidance behavior is a critical factor to consider alongside intraguild predation and competition when interpreting predator manipulation outcomes.
  • Short-term experiments are valuable for detecting rapid ecological effects like predator-induced emigration and intraguild interactions.