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Resource use by an introduced and native carrion flies.

Jeffrey D Wells1, Bernard Greenberg1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, Chicago, IL, USA.

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Summary

The invasive carrion fly Chrysomya rufifacies preys on native larvae, impacting populations of Cochliomyia macellaria. Native flies like Calliphorinae avoid competition by utilizing smaller carrion and thriving in colder conditions.

Keywords:
Biological invasionCalliphoridaeResource partitioningSarcophagidaeSolenopsis invicta predation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological entomology
  • Invasive species biology
  • Forensic entomology

Background:

  • The invasive carrion fly Chrysomya rufifacies poses a threat to native insect populations in North America.
  • Understanding resource partitioning is crucial for predicting interactions between invasive and native species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resource use patterns of carrion-associated flies to identify conditions favoring native species over the invasive C. rufifacies.
  • To determine the ecological niche of C. rufifacies in comparison to native carrion flies.

Main Methods:

  • Postfeeding larvae were collected from carcasses to analyze resource use.
  • Comparative analysis of larval density, carrion size exploitation, and temporal activity patterns.
  • Predation experiments involving the ant Solenopsis invicta.

Main Results:

  • Chrysomya rufifacies exhibited distinct resource use compared to native Calliphorinae, Phormia regina, Sarcophagidae, and Cochliomyia macellaria.
  • Native species like Calliphorinae and P. regina were more active in colder weather when C. rufifacies was less abundant.
  • C. rufifacies larvae were observed exiting carcasses alone, suggesting intraguild predation.
  • The ant Solenopsis invicta negatively impacted populations of P. regina and C. macellaria.

Conclusions:

  • Native flies avoid competition with C. rufifacies by exploiting smaller carrion, differing temporal activity, and niche partitioning.
  • Cochliomyia macellaria is particularly vulnerable to competitive exclusion by the invasive C. rufifacies.
  • Predator-prey interactions, including intraguild predation and external predation by ants, influence carrion fly community structure.