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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Radiation-induced decrease of CD8+ dendritic cells contributes to Th1/Th2 shift.

Hu Liu1, Bailong Li1, Xiaojing Jia2

  • 1Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

International Immunopharmacology
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ionizing radiation (IR) decreases CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs), impairing Th1 immunity and causing immune suppression. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3 ligand) treatment restored CD8+ DCs and reversed this immunosuppression.

Keywords:
DC subsetsImmune responseIonizing radiationTh1/Th2 shift

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) can disrupt immune balance, specifically helper T (Th) cell function, potentially impacting cancer radiotherapy efficacy.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), crucial antigen-presenting cells, have subsets with specialized roles, but their response to IR remains unclear.
  • Existing literature lacks information on DC subset alterations and their immune regulatory roles following IR exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in dendritic cell (DC) subsets after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure.
  • To explore the relationship between altered DC subsets and Th1/Th2 immunity following IR.
  • To elucidate the role of specific DC subsets in radiation-induced immune imbalance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of BDCA3+ DC levels in radiotherapy patients.
  • Assessment of CD8+ DC populations in mice spleen, blood, and lymph nodes post-irradiation.
  • Evaluation of Th1/Th2 immune responses and the impact of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3 ligand) treatment.

Main Results:

  • IR significantly decreased BDCA3+ DCs in patients and CD8+ DCs (mouse equivalent) in mice.
  • IR induced a Th1 immune response repression, suggesting CD8+ DC involvement in radiation-induced Th1/Th2 imbalance.
  • FLT3 ligand treatment restored CD8+ DC levels and reversed the Th1/Th2 shift in irradiated mice.
  • Irradiated mouse bone marrow cells showed reduced CD8+ DC differentiation, a process protected by FLT3 ligand.

Conclusions:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) leads to a decrease in CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs) and a shift in Th1/Th2 immunity.
  • This IR-induced immunosuppression can be reversed by Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3 ligand) treatment.
  • The study identifies a novel mechanism of radiation-induced immunosuppression involving CD8+ DCs.