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Thyroid Cancer in the Pediatric Age in Sicily: Influence of the Volcanic Environment
Marco Russo1, Pasqualino Malandrino2, Mariacarla Moleti1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Background/Aim:
Pediatric thyroid cancer (TC) is rare but its incidence is increasing. We analyzed incidence and characteristics of pediatric TC in Sicily and comparatively evaluated data from the volcanic and non-volcanic areas.
Materials And Methods:
All incident pediatric (0-19 years) TCs in Sicily between 2002-2009 were analyzed for the area of residence and compared to data for adults.
Results:
A total of 54 differentiated TCs (DTC) and nine medullary TCs were diagnosed in Sicily in children between 2002-2009. DTC age standardized rate for the world population (ASRw) was 0.8/105 in females and 0.2/105 in males, with a higher incidence in the volcanic area (ASRw=1.4/105 in females, 0.5/105 in males) vs. the rest of Sicily (ASRw=0.6/105 in females, 0.1/105 in males). Pediatric TCs were larger in size and more frequently with extrathyroid extension and lymph-node involvement in comparison to TCs in adults.
Conclusion:
In the volcanic environment of Sicily, TC incidence is markedly increased in children, suggesting a short-term effect of unidentified carcinogens of volcanic origin.
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