Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.3K

Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Antibodies

Rodrigo N Ramos1,2, Eliane Piaggio1,2,3, Emanuela Romano4,5,6

  • 1Translational Immunotherapy Siric Team, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, 75005, France.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|March 19, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective cancer treatments, but many patients don't respond or develop resistance. This review explores how cancer cell signals impact immunotherapy outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized treatment for aggressive cancers like melanoma and lung cancer.
  • Durable responses are observed in metastatic settings, yet primary resistance and secondary relapse remain significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To discuss the role of cancer-cell autonomous cues in influencing immunotherapy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of emerging evidence on resistance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in primary and secondary resistance.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in multiple signaling pathways contribute to resistance against checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Cancer-autonomous signals play a crucial role in determining patient response to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cancer-cell autonomous cues is essential for overcoming resistance to checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Further research into these intrinsic cancer mechanisms may improve immunotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Acquired resistanceBRAFEGFR pathwayHIPPO pathwayImmune checkpointImmunotherapyIntrinsic resistanceJAK1JAK2PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayWnt/β-Catenin pathway

More Related Videos

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

7.8K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.8K

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.7K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.8K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
7.2K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
85.3K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
16.8K