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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

George N Konstantinou^1,2

¹Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, 11 Eleftheriou Venizelou Street, Kalamaria, 55 133, Thessaloniki, Greece. gnkonstantinou@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 19, 2017

Summary

Food allergy reactions can occur from hidden allergens despite ingredient labels. Ultrasensitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques reliably detect trace allergens, aiding allergy diagnosis and quality control.

Keywords:

Allergen Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)Food allergy Method Protocol

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Area of Science:

Food science
Immunology
Analytical chemistry

Background:

Food allergy is a growing public health issue with increasing prevalence and severity.
Individuals with food allergies may react to undeclared allergens due to "hidden", "masked", or "contaminated" proteins.
Accurate detection of food allergens is crucial for managing food allergies and ensuring product safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting food allergens.
To highlight the evolution and capabilities of ELISA techniques in allergy research and diagnostics.
To emphasize the importance of sensitive methods for quality control in food industries.

Main Methods:

Review of established and advanced Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodologies.
Discussion of immunoassay principles for allergen detection.
Analysis of ELISA's validation and routine use in various applications.

Main Results:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a well-validated and widely used immunoassay for allergy research, diagnosis, and industrial quality control.
Modern ELISA variations offer ultrasensitive detection, quantifying allergens at picogram levels.
The technique's robustness and sensitivity make it highly valuable for identifying trace amounts of food allergens.

Conclusions:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains a cornerstone technique for food allergen detection due to its sensitivity and reliability.
Advancements in ELISA technology enable the detection of even minute allergen traces, crucial for public health.
The method is indispensable for ensuring food safety, supporting clinical diagnostics, and maintaining quality control across industries.