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Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Eye movement during recall reduces objective memory performance: An extended replication.

Arne Leer¹, Iris M Engelhard¹, Bert Lenaert²

¹Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Behaviour Research and Therapy

|March 19, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy involves eye movements during recall of traumatic memories. This dual task reduces memory vividness and emotionality, potentially by making memory attributes less accessible.

Keywords:

EMDR Eye movements Fear generalization Memory performance PTSD

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Trauma Studies

Background:

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
EMDR involves recalling traumatic memories while performing eye movements (EMs).
Previous studies show EMs reduce subjective memory vividness and emotionality, but are prone to demand effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the objective mechanisms underlying EMDR's effects on memory.
To assess memory performance using objective measures beyond self-report.

Main Methods:

Experiment I: Participants discriminated a target stimulus from similar distractors after recalling it with or without EMs.
Experiment II: A fear conditioning paradigm assessed responses to a threat-related stimulus and a similar non-threat stimulus after recall with or without EMs.

Main Results:

EM during recall slowed reaction times in the stimulus discrimination task.
EM during recall intensified fear responses (danger expectancies, skin conductance) to a similar non-threat stimulus.
Startle electromyography data did not corroborate the fear conditioning findings.

Conclusions:

EM manipulation during memory recall may reduce the accessibility of stimulus attributes.
These findings provide objective evidence for EMDR's impact on memory processing.
The results suggest a potential mechanism for how EMDR alleviates PTSD symptoms.