Development of a novel, fibrin-specific PET tracer

Fibrin deposition is observed in several diseases such as atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis, and also tumors, where it contributes to the formation of mature tumor stroma. The aim of this study was to develop a gallium-labeled peptide tracer on the basis of the fibrin-targeting peptide Epep for PET imaging of fibrin deposition. For this purpose, the peptide Epep was modified with a NOTA moiety for radiolabeling with ⁶⁷ Ga and ⁶⁸ Ga and compared with the earlier validated ¹¹¹ In-DOTA-Epep tracer. In vitro binding assays of ⁶⁷ Ga-NOTA-Epep displayed an enhanced retention as compared to previously published data showing binding of ¹¹¹ In-DOTA-Epep to human (84.0 ± 0.6 vs 66.6 ± 1.4 %Dose) and mouse derived fibrin clots (83.5 ± 1.7 vs 74.2 ± 2.4% Dose). In vivo blood kinetics displayed a bi-phasic elimination profile (t_1/2 ,_α  = 2.6 ± 1.0 minutes and t_1/2 ,_β  = 15.8 ± 1.3 minutes) and ex vivo biodistribution showed low blood values at 4 hours post injection and a low uptake in nontarget tissue (<0.2 %ID/g; kidneys, 1.9%ID/g). In conclusion, taking into account the ease of radiolabeling and the promising in vitro and in vivo studies, gallium-labeled Epep displays the potential for further development towards a PET tracer for fibrin deposition.