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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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Vitiligo Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatments.

Mehdi Rashighi1, John E Harris2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 415 Taleqani Avenue, Tehran 1416613675, Iran.

Dermatologic Clinics
|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vitiligo treatment aims to stop disease progression and restore skin color by addressing melanocyte defects and immune responses. Emerging therapies focus on targeted approaches for better efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCellular stressChemokinesMelanogenesisTargeted therapyVitiligo

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Vitiligo pathogenesis involves melanocyte defects, inflammation, and immune destruction.
  • Current treatments often non-specifically suppress autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment goals.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of vitiligo pathogenesis mechanisms.
  • Analysis of current and novel treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Vitiligo involves complex interactions leading to melanocyte loss.
  • Repigmentation requires melanocyte regeneration, proliferation, and migration.

Conclusions:

  • Combination therapies addressing all pathogenic aspects may offer greatest efficacy.
  • Targeted emerging treatments promise higher efficacy and improved safety profiles.