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Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes millions of infections globally. Pregnant women face severe risks, including fulminant hepatitis and death, highlighting a critical public health concern.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, endemic in many regions.
  • HEV affects approximately 2 billion people, causing over 20 million infections and 70,000 deaths annually.
  • While typically self-limiting in the general population, HEV poses severe risks during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight new aspects of Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnant women.
  • To underscore the distinct and severe clinical manifestations of HEV in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research and data on HEV infection and pregnancy.
  • The review focuses on epidemiological data, clinical outcomes, and mortality rates associated with HEV in pregnant populations.

Main Results:

  • HEV infection during pregnancy can lead to fulminant hepatic failure, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths.
  • Fatality rates in pregnant women with HEV can reach up to 30%, significantly higher than in the general population.
  • Autochthonous HEV cases are increasingly recognized in developed countries.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E presents a unique and severe threat to pregnant women, distinct from its typical course in other populations.
  • The high mortality associated with HEV in pregnancy necessitates increased awareness and targeted public health strategies.
  • Further research into HEV pathogenesis and management during pregnancy is crucial.