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Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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False memory for context and true memory for context similarly activate the parahippocampal cortex.

Jessica M Karanian1, Scott D Slotnick1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The parahippocampal cortex generally processes context, not just visual-spatial details. This study used fMRI to show its role in both true and false memories for context.

Keywords:
False recollectionSource memorySpatial memoryTrue memoryfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The precise function of the parahippocampal cortex is debated, with two main views: visual-spatial processing versus general contextual processing.
  • Previous studies suggest it supports visual-spatial details, but this may reflect underlying contextual differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the parahippocampal cortex in true and false memory for contextual information.
  • To differentiate between the visual-spatial processing and general contextual processing views.

Main Methods:

  • A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a source memory paradigm.
  • Participants encoded abstract shapes presented in different locations and later recalled their spatial context.
  • Confidence ratings were collected for true and false memories.

Main Results:

  • Activity in the parahippocampal cortex was observed for both true and false memories of context.
  • Direct contrast between true and false memories revealed activity in the visual cortex, but not the parahippocampal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • The parahippocampal cortex is associated with general contextual processing.
  • Evidence challenges the view that the parahippocampal cortex is solely involved in visual-spatial processing.