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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

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Published on: October 31, 2010

The HIV care cascade: Japanese perspectives.

Aikichi Iwamoto¹, Rikizo Taira², Yoshiyuki Yokomaku³

¹Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

|March 21, 2017

Summary

Japan has not met key HIV treatment goals, with 14.4% of people living with HIV undiagnosed. While treatment is successful, improved HIV testing and surveillance are needed to reach UNAIDS/WHO targets.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Japan is considered a low HIV-prevalence country with a concentrated epidemic.
The achievement of UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 goals and the HIV care cascade in Japan remain undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate whether Japan has met the UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 targets.
To examine the HIV care cascade in Japan.

Main Methods:

Estimated diagnosed and undiagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) using legal reports and blood donor data.
Assessed the HIV care cascade (diagnosis, treatment, viral suppression) via a nationwide questionnaire survey of AIDS Core Hospitals.

Main Results:

At the end of 2015, an estimated 14.4% of all PLWHA in Japan were undiagnosed.
Japan achieved 85.6% diagnosis, 82.8% treatment, and 99.1% viral suppression rates among diagnosed individuals.
The country did not meet the first two UNAIDS/WHO targets (90% diagnosed, 90% treated).

Conclusions:

Japan's HIV care cascade shows excellent antiretroviral treatment uptake and success.
Significant unmet needs exist in HIV surveillance and diagnosis, hindering progress towards UNAIDS/WHO targets.
Promoting HIV testing and treatment, particularly among key affected populations like men who have sex with men, is crucial for reducing the HIV epidemic.