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Aortic calcified particles modulate valvular endothelial and interstitial cells.

Nicole C A van Engeland1, Sergio Bertazzo2, Padmini Sarathchandra3

  • 1Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

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|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Calcium phosphate microparticles in human aortae are not inert; they induce pathological changes in valvular cells, suggesting targeted therapies to reduce these particles may be beneficial.

Keywords:
Calcified particlesEndothelial-to-mesenchymal transformationOsteogenesisValve endothelial cellsValve interstitial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Pathology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Human aortae and valve cusps contain calcium phosphate microparticles.
  • The function of these microparticles in cardiovascular health and disease is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct impact of isolated calcified particles on human valvular cells.
  • To determine if these particles induce cellular changes.

Main Methods:

  • Calcium phosphate particles were isolated from healthy and diseased aortae.
  • Particles were applied to human valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and interstitial cells (VICs).
  • Cell differentiation, viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Particles were heterogeneous calcium phosphate crystals; diseased donors had higher particle counts.
  • VECs showed altered expression of CD31, VE-cadherin, and von Willebrand factor.
  • VICs exhibited increased α-SMA and osteopontin.
  • Both VECs and VICs displayed reduced viability and increased apoptosis upon particle exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Calcified particles from human aortae actively alter valvular cells, inducing pathological changes.
  • These particles are not bystanders but contribute to cellular pathology.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting these microparticles warrant investigation.