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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Mindfulness-based interventions in epilepsy: a systematic review.

Karen Wood¹, Maggie Lawrence², Bhautesh Jani¹

¹General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow, G12 9LX, Scotland, UK.

|March 22, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show preliminary promise for improving anxiety, depression, and quality of life in epilepsy patients. However, more rigorous research is needed to confirm these benefits for managing long-term conditions.

Keywords:

Anxiety Depression Epilepsy Mindfulness Stress Systematic review

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Complementary Medicine

Background:

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly utilized for managing long-term conditions (LTCs).
Epilepsy is frequently accompanied by comorbidities impacting quality of life (QOL).
The efficacy of MBIs for individuals with epilepsy remains largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the existing literature.
To determine the effectiveness of MBIs in improving outcomes for people with epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsychInfo) up to March 2016.
Inclusion of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 231 participants.
Quality assessment of included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool.

Main Results:

Significant improvements were observed in depression symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety.
Participants demonstrated enhanced knowledge and skills related to depression management.
Two studies exhibited unclear or high risk of bias due to inadequate reporting on randomization, allocation, adverse events, and dropouts.

Conclusions:

Limited evidence suggests MBIs may offer benefits for anxiety, depression, and QOL in epilepsy.
Further high-quality trials are required.
Future research should incorporate larger sample sizes, active control groups, and extended follow-up periods for conclusive determination of MBI effectiveness in epilepsy.