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Actinic cheilosis: early intervention prevents malignant transformation
Arvind Muthukrishnan1, Laliytha Bijai Kumar2
1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha University Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
BMJ Case Reports
|March 22, 2017
Summary
Potentially malignant disorders (PMD) can transform into oral cancer. Actinic cheilosis, a type of PMD caused by sun exposure, can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) if untreated.
Area of Science:
- Oral pathology and oncology
- Dermatology
- Public health
Background:
- Potentially malignant disorders (PMD) carry a significant risk of malignant transformation.
- Tobacco and alcohol use are known risk factors for PMD and oral carcinoma.
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can arise independently of tobacco use.
Observation:
- Occupational exposure to actinic radiation, like ultraviolet (UV) rays, can cause actinic cheilosis, a specific type of PMD.
- Individuals engaged in farming or other outdoor occupations are particularly susceptible.
- Actinic cheilosis, if not diagnosed and treated early, has a high rate of progression to oral cancer.
Findings:
- This case study details the clinical and histological presentation of actinic cheilosis in a 61-year-old Indian male.
- The study highlights the pathological changes associated with chronic sun exposure leading to pre-malignant lesions.
- It underscores the importance of recognizing actinic cheilosis as a precursor to OSCC.
Implications:
- Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic cheilosis are crucial for preventing malignant transformation to OSCC.
- Public health awareness regarding the risks of chronic sun exposure and actinic cheilosis is essential.
- This case contributes to understanding the clinical spectrum and histological features of actinic cheilosis in an Indian population.
