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What is Metabolism?00:52

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Bioenergetic Profile Experiment using C2C12 Myoblast Cells
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Metabolism Shapes the Cell.

Anthony M Sperber1, Jennifer K Herman2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Journal of Bacteriology
|March 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular processes like division and DNA replication are linked to metabolism. Nutrient availability, not growth rate, controls cell size, impacting cell envelope synthesis and morphogenesis.

Keywords:
FtsZMreBUDP-glucosecell divisiongluconeogenesismetabolismmorphogenesispeptidoglycanphosphoenolpyruvateundecaprenyl phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell envelope synthesis, DNA replication, and protein synthesis are coordinated via central metabolism.
  • A unifying model for functional coupling of these disparate processes is lacking.
  • Metabolic proteins can regulate cell division and DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on the link between metabolism and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis regulation.
  • To highlight themes in cell morphogenesis, growth, and division regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the interplay between metabolism and cell division.
  • Analysis of studies investigating nutrient availability, gluconeogenic flux, and metabolite limitations.

Main Results:

  • Nutrient availability, not growth rate, dictates cell size.
  • Gluconeogenic flux significantly impacts metabolites for cell envelope synthesis.
  • Limiting metabolites, such as undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P), cause pleiotropic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolism critically regulates cell envelope synthesis and division.
  • Growth medium composition influences morphogenesis outcomes.
  • Metabolite availability is key to understanding cellular processes and phenotypes.