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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Microbial communities inhabit nearly all body sites, influencing physiology and development.
  • Female reproductive tract microbiomes (vaginal, placental, mammary/milk) are less studied than the gut microbiome.
  • These microbiomes are interconnected, impacting maternal and infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interconnectivity of female reproductive microbiomes with maternal and infant microbiomes.
  • To explore the roles of these microbiomes in health and disease.
  • To discuss implications for pregnancy complications and infant development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on female reproductive microbiomes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating microbiome composition and function.
  • Examination of associations between microbiome disruptions and health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Female reproductive microbiomes are linked to maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and infant development.
  • Vaginal microbiome diversity varies, challenging the concept of a single "normal" community.
  • Placental and mammary/milk microbiomes show associations with pregnancy complications and infant inoculation, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Interconnectivity between maternal and infant microbiomes is critical for health.
  • Disruptions in maternal microbiomes may contribute to pregnancy complications.
  • Further research into reproductive microbiomes and personalized medical history is needed.