Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Public Health
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pose a significant health risk, particularly in elderly males.
• Early detection through screening can improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.
• Assessing the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of screening programs is crucial for implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the feasibility, acceptance, and costs of an ultrasound screening program for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).
• To determine the prevalence of previously undiagnosed AAA in elderly males in Canton Ticino, Switzerland.
• To identify factors influencing patient acceptance of AAA screening.

Main Methods:

• A pilot study was conducted on male patients aged 65-80 years attending Lugano Regional Hospital.
• Eligibility was verified via phone, and ultrasound scans of the abdominal aorta were performed.
• Aneurysm was defined as a diameter ≥30 mm; statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests.

Main Results:

• Out of 1634 patients receiving information, 745 (45.6%) underwent screening.
• The acceptance rate among 1091 eligible patients was 68.3%.
• A previously unknown AAA was diagnosed in 4.2% of patients; mean cost was CHF 88 per patient.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasound screening for AAA in elderly males is feasible with minimal financial and organizational resources.
• Age and residence area significantly impacted patient acceptance rates.
• Community-based programs involving general practitioners could enhance screening adherence.