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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

Epigenetics and allergy: from basic mechanisms to clinical applications.

Daniel P Potaczek^1,2,3,4, Hani Harb^1,2,3, Sven Michel⁵

¹Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

|March 22, 2017

Summary

Epigenetic modifications play a key role in allergic diseases. Understanding these changes offers potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in allergy management.

Keywords:

DNA methylation EWAS FOXP3 Th cell lineages allergy asthma cell-free DNA environment epigenetic editing exposure food allergy immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Epigenetics
Environmental Health

Background:

Allergic diseases are increasing globally, influenced by environmental factors like microbial exposure, diet, pollution, and smoking.
These factors impact allergic disease development by altering the epigenetic landscape.
Epigenetic modifications are crucial in mediating the effects of environmental exposures on allergic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of epigenetic modifications in allergic diseases.
To critically evaluate findings from epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in allergy.
To explore the clinical potential of epigenetic insights for diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on epigenetics and allergic diseases.
Summarization and critical evaluation of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS).
Discussion of emerging technologies for epigenome manipulation.

Main Results:

Epigenetic alterations are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
EWAS have identified specific epigenetic marks associated with allergic conditions.
Epigenetic markers show promise for diagnosing allergies and predicting treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic modifications are central to understanding and managing allergic diseases.
Epigenetic analysis offers potential for novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
Future advancements in epigenome editing and DNAzymes may provide targeted treatments for allergies.