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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
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Tissue expression and source of circulating αKlotho.

Hannes Olauson1, Rik Mencke2, Jan-Luuk Hillebrands2

  • 1Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Bone
|March 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpha-Klotho (Klotho) protein, initially thought restricted, is now recognized as more widespread. This review classifies Klotho expression across tissues, identifying the kidney as the primary source of circulating Klotho.

Keywords:
FGF-23FGF23Klotho

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alpha-Klotho (Klotho) is a type I transmembrane protein and coreceptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23.
  • Previously, Klotho expression was believed to be confined to specific tissues like the kidney, parathyroid gland, and choroid plexus.
  • Recent findings suggest a broader expression pattern, necessitating a re-evaluation of the restricted Klotho paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence for Klotho expression in diverse mammalian tissues and cell types.
  • To explore reasons for conflicting data regarding Klotho expression patterns.
  • To propose a classification of tissues based on Klotho expression levels and discuss functional implications.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of Klotho expression studies.
  • Analysis of existing tissue expression atlases.
  • Evaluation of data on membrane-bound and soluble Klotho functions.

Main Results:

  • Klotho expression is more ubiquitous than previously thought, with varying levels across tissues.
  • A classification system for Klotho expression (high, intermediate, low/absent) is proposed.
  • The kidney is identified as the principal physiological source of circulating soluble Klotho.

Conclusions:

  • The functional significance of Klotho in low-expression organs requires further investigation.
  • Limited data currently exists for the role of membrane-bound Klotho outside the kidney.
  • The kidney plays a crucial role in systemic Klotho levels through soluble Klotho production.