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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Plant primary cell walls exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and hydration resilience due to cellulose microfibrils.
  • Developing microcapsules with tunable and switchable permeability is crucial for controlled release applications.
  • Mimicking natural structures offers a pathway to advanced functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate mechanically robust, all-polysaccharide microcapsules.
  • To achieve stimuli-triggered and switchable permeability for selective molecule transport.
  • To demonstrate repeated loading/unloading capabilities for applications requiring timed permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Layer-by-layer assembly on sacrificial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) templates.
  • Utilized only plant polysaccharides: pectin, cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and xyloglucan.
  • Investigated permeability changes in response to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated microcapsules with a diameter of 16 ± 4 μm.
  • Demonstrated permeability to dextrans (hydrodynamic diameter ~6.6 nm) in water.
  • Showcased rapid, reversible changes in porosity upon NaCl exposure, allowing passage of larger molecules (~12 nm).
  • Confirmed repeated ON/OFF permeability switching and molecule trapping/release.

Conclusions:

  • The all-polysaccharide microcapsules possess mechanically robust walls due to cellulose nanofibers (CNF).
  • The ON/OFF permeability switching, triggered by NaCl, allows for controlled loading and unloading of molecules.
  • These microcapsules represent a robust and reusable platform for applications demanding timed and selective permeability.