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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

303
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
303
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

398
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
398
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

342
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
342
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

503
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
503

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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Pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Anusha K Yeshokumar1, Sona Narula, Brenda Banwell

  • 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|March 22, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) involves genetic and environmental factors, impacting children under 18. Understanding these risks improves treatment and quality of life for young MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) affects up to 10% of MS patients before age 18.
  • Recent studies highlight numerous genetic and environmental risk factors for pediatric MS.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for elucidating MS pathophysiology in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiologic factors in the pathogenesis of pediatric MS.
  • To discuss clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis.
  • To outline treatment approaches and prognosis for pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent international and collaborative studies.
  • Synthesis of research on genetic and environmental risk factors.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of an increasing number of genetic and environmental risk factors.
  • Improved understanding of pediatric MS pathophysiology.
  • Emphasis on management of relapses and chronic symptoms for better outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing research focuses on pathobiology, treatment efficacy, and long-term prognosis.
  • Cognitive development and academic potential are key areas for future study.
  • Collaborative, multinational efforts are essential for optimizing care for pediatric MS.