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Related Concept Videos

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Cortical complexity in bipolar disorder applying a spherical harmonics approach.

Igor Nenadic1, Rachel A Yotter2, Maren Dietzek3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg & Marburg University Hospital/UKGM, Marburg, Germany.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|March 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study explored brain complexity in bipolar disorder (BP) using MRI scans. Findings suggest neurodevelopmental changes in specific brain regions may contribute to BP origins.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderCortical complexityFractal dimensionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)MorphometrySpherical harmonics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest neurodevelopmental origins for some brain changes in bipolar disorder (BP).
  • Cortical complexity analysis offers a novel approach to investigate these potential neurodevelopmental alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in cortical complexity using fractal dimensions in the brains of individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore the potential contribution of early neurodevelopmental pathologies to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution structural MRI scans were acquired from 18 patients with bipolar disorder and 26 healthy controls.
  • A novel region-of-interest based analysis of cortical complexity, utilizing fractal dimensions, was applied to the MRI data.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in fractal dimensions were observed in specific cortical regions between patients and controls.
  • Increases in fractal dimensions were noted in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and right precuneus.
  • Decreases were found in the right caudal middle frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, right pars orbitalis, left fusiform cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings suggest that neurodevelopmental pathologies may play a role in the development of bipolar disorder.
  • These neurodevelopmental alterations might be influenced by underlying genetic mechanisms.