Early Lung Adenocarcinoma in Mice: Micro-Computed Tomography Manifestations and Correlation with Pathology

Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignancy for both men and women and adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. This study aimed to investigate the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) manifestations of early lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in mice and to provide a new perspective for early clinical diagnosis. Early LAC models in 10 mice were established by subcutaneously injecting 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) solution. Micro-CT scan and multiple planar reconstruction (MPR) were used for mouse lungs. Micro-CT features of early LAC, especially the relationships between tumor and bronchus, were analyzed and correlated with pathology. Micro-CT findings of early LAC were divided into three types: non-solid (n = 8, 6%), partly solid (n = 85, 64%) and totally solid (n = 39, 30%). Tumor-bronchus relationships, which could be observed in 110 of 132(83%) LAC, were classified into four patterns: type I (n = 16, 15%), bronchus was truncated at the margin of the tumor; type II (n = 33, 30%), bronchus penetrated into the tumor with tapered narrowing and interruption; type III (n = 38, 35%), bronchus penetrated into the tumor with a patent and intact lumen; type IV (n = 99, 90%), bronchus ran at the border of the tumor with an intact or compressed lumen. Micro-CT manifestations of early LAC correlated well with pathological findings. Micro-CT can clearly demonstrate the features of mouse early LAC and bronchus-tumor relationships, and can also provide a new tool and perspective for the study of early LAC.