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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

28.7K
The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
28.7K
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
36.3K
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

29.2K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

9.8K
Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
9.8K
Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate02:28

Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate

5.2K
The Arrhenius equation,
5.2K
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

28.4K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
08:39

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

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Temperature fluctuations in a changing climate: an ensemble-based experimental approach.

Miklós Vincze1,2, Ion Dan Borcia3, Uwe Harlander3

  • 1Eötvös University, von Kármán Laboratory for Environmental Flows, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary. mvincze@general.elte.hu.

Scientific Reports
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Global warming

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • A debate exists on whether global warming affects temperature variability.
  • Methodological challenges in analyzing temperature anomalies and trends complicate this debate.
  • Regional temperature variability has shown an increasing trend in recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between external forcing and climate variability.
  • To explore how decreasing equator-to-pole temperature contrast influences atmospheric thermal convection.
  • To analyze the differences between ensemble and individual realization variability in climate models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a laboratory-scale minimal model of mid-latitude atmospheric thermal convection.
  • Simulated climate change by continuously decreasing the equator-to-pole temperature contrast (ΔT).
  • Analyzed temperature records from an ensemble of experimental runs with identical external forcing.

Main Results:

  • The study revealed that collective ensemble variability can differ significantly from individual realization variability.
  • This divergence highlights a critical factor in interpreting climate records.
  • The minimal model demonstrated the complex interplay between external forcing and internal climate variability.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that interpreting climate variability requires careful consideration of ensemble versus individual run dynamics.
  • The study provides a conceptual framework for understanding climate change impacts on temperature variability.
  • Further research is needed to refine methodologies for analyzing climate data and distinguishing natural variability from forced changes.