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Allocation of speech in conversation.

Carsta Simon1, William M Baum2

  • 1Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on conversational behavior found that participants did not match their speech and gaze to confederates' approval rates. Instead, they showed inverse matching, talking more to less talkative partners, suggesting induction over reinforcement.

Keywords:
allocation of talk and gazecontiguitycontingencyconversationshumansmatching lawverbal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • The matching law describes response allocation based on reinforcement rates.
  • Conger and Killeen (1974) demonstrated matching in conversational speech and gaze.
  • Replication and extension of this phenomenon are crucial for understanding conversational dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and extend Conger and Killeen's findings on conversational matching.
  • To investigate the influence of confederate approval schedules on participant speech and gaze allocation.
  • To determine whether reinforcement or induction drives conversational matching/antimatching.

Main Methods:

  • Nine German speakers participated in two 90-minute sessions.
  • Confederates provided approval on variable-interval schedules, sometimes contingent on gaze.
  • Measures included relative duration and rate of speech and gaze, compared to confederate approval and talk rates.

Main Results:

  • Participant response allocation did not systematically relate to confederate approval rates, failing to replicate Conger and Killeen.
  • Strongest relations were to confederate talk rates, showing inverse matching (talking more to less talkative partners).
  • Gaze allocation also showed an inverse relation to confederate talk; contingency of approval on gaze had no effect.

Conclusions:

  • Conversational matching or antimatching may be driven by induction rather than direct reinforcement.
  • Participant behavior in conversations is more sensitive to the overall talk rate of partners than to specific approval signals.
  • The findings challenge the direct application of the matching law to conversational speech and gaze allocation based solely on reinforcement schedules.