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Rapid Evaluation of Toxicity of Chemical Compounds Using Zebrafish Embryos
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Using passive sampling and zebrafish to identify developmental toxicants in complex mixtures.

Alan J Bergmann1, Robert L Tanguay1, Kim A Anderson1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, USA.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Free fatty acids and dithiocarbamates, not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were identified as key contributors to the toxicity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using effects-directed analysis and zebrafish embryo assays. This study advances methods for identifying developmental hazards in hydrophobic organic compounds.

Keywords:
BioavailableDithiocarbamateFatty acidHazard identificationPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Chemical Analysis
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Field-deployed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and embryotoxicity.
  • Previous research suggested PAHs contribute to observed toxicity, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific chemical agents responsible for embryotoxicity in LDPE extracts using effects-directed analysis (EDA).
  • To investigate the role of PAHs and other potential contaminants in LDPE-induced toxicity.
  • To establish a robust method for identifying developmental hazards in hydrophobic organic compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Effects-directed analysis (EDA) involving iterative fractionation of LDPE extracts.
  • Zebrafish embryo assay to assess toxicity (mortality, edema, notochord distortion).
  • Testing of surrogate mixtures and authentic standards to identify toxic components.

Main Results:

  • PAHs were not the primary drivers of toxicity at concentrations found in the LDPE extracts.
  • Free fatty acids were identified as lethal components, and dithiocarbamates were implicated in sublethal effects like notochord distortion.
  • EDA successfully identified previously unrecorded toxic components (fatty acids, dithiocarbamates) in LDPE.

Conclusions:

  • Free fatty acids and dithiocarbamates, not PAHs, are significant contributors to LDPE-induced embryotoxicity.
  • The zebrafish embryo test serves as an effective bioassay battery for nontargeted hazard identification.
  • This EDA approach combining LDPE and zebrafish is broadly applicable for identifying developmental hazards in hydrophobic contaminants.