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Oral microbiome in HIV-associated periodontitis.

Marc Noguera-Julian1, Yolanda Guillén, Jessica Peterson

  • 1IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra University de Vic-University Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine Infectious Diseases Program, Grady Health System Department of Biology, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA Ministry of Health, Zambia Unitat VIH, Hosp. University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.

Medicine
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection subtly alters the oral microbiome, impacting periodontal disease (PD) progression. These changes are consistent across different oral sites and PD severities.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Periodontal diseases (PD) are linked to chronic inflammation, potentially exacerbated by HIV.
  • Understanding the oral microbiome's role in HIV-associated PD is crucial for managing oral health in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize oral microbial signatures in individuals with and without HIV across varying PD severities.
  • To investigate the impact of HIV status and PD severity on oral microbiome composition.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study analyzing oral samples (tooth, cheek, saliva) from HIV+ and HIV- participants.
  • Microbiome analysis using Mothur/SILVADB for sequence classification.
  • Statistical analysis with R/Bioconductor (Vegan, PhyloSeq, DESeq2) and flow cytometry for immune markers.

Main Results:

  • Oral microbiome composition clustered by anatomical site.
  • HIV status and PD severity significantly impacted the microbiome, accounting for 2% of variation.
  • HIV+ individuals showed enrichment in Abiotrophia, Neisseria, Kingella, and depletion in Leptotrichia and Selenomonas, with Neisseria consistently elevated.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-associated oral microbiome alterations present subtle but consistent signatures across PD stages and oral sites.
  • Immune marker alterations in HIV+ participants were not directly associated with the observed oral microbiome changes.