Pertussis Antibody Transfer to Preterm Neonates After Second- Versus Third-Trimester Maternal Immunization

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Neonatal Health
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Preterm infants face the highest risk of severe pertussis complications.
• The efficacy of maternal immunization in preterm neonates remains understudied.
• Previous research indicated benefits in term neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of maternal pertussis vaccination timing on antibody titers in preterm neonates.
• To determine if second-trimester maternal vaccination offers superior protection compared to third-trimester vaccination.
• To extend findings from term neonates to the more vulnerable preterm population.

Main Methods:

• Observational study design.
• Analysis of anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibody titers at birth in preterm neonates.
• Comparison of antibody levels based on the trimester of maternal vaccination (second vs. third).

Main Results:

• Maternal vaccination during the second trimester resulted in significantly higher anti-pertussis toxin titers at birth in preterm infants compared to third-trimester vaccination.
• The timing of maternal immunization directly influences passive antibody transfer to preterm neonates.
• Second-trimester vaccination appears more effective for conferring early protection.

Conclusions:

• Second-trimester maternal pertussis vaccination is more effective than third-trimester vaccination for increasing neonatal anti-pertussis toxin antibody titers in preterm infants.
• Optimizing the timing of maternal immunization may enhance protection against pertussis for high-risk preterm neonates.
• Further research should explore optimal maternal vaccination schedules for preterm infant protection.