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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
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Face shield design against blast-induced head injuries.

Long Bin Tan1, Kwong Ming Tse2, Yuan Hong Tan1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Face shields can mitigate blast-induced traumatic brain injury by delaying blast wave transmission. However, wave ingress at edges highlights critical areas for improved protection against improvised explosive devices.

Keywords:
aerogelcoupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL)fluid-structure-interaction (FSI)head modelhelmettraumatic brain injury (TBI)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing concern due to improvised explosive devices.
  • Helmeted head response to blast overpressure requires further investigation for protective gear optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the protective effects of standard and novel composite face shields against blast waves.
  • To investigate the influence of aerogel integration and edge extension in face shields on mitigating intracranial pressures (ICPs).

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of a helmeted human head subjected to 1 atm peak overpressure.
  • Comparison of standard polycarbonate (PC) face shields with PC/aerogel composite shields, including designs with lateral edge extension.
  • Analysis of wave-structure interaction mechanics and blast wave ingress through face shield edges.

Main Results:

  • Face shields delay blast transmission, reducing ICPs at the parietal lobe, but wave ingress at bottom/side edges can cause TBI.
  • PC/aerogel/PC shields increased frontal lobe ICPs but improved protection in occipital and temporal regions compared to standard PC shields.
  • Extended edge composite shields reduced temporal lobe ICP but increased parietal lobe ICP, indicating coverage alone does not guarantee better mitigation.

Conclusions:

  • Face shield design, particularly edge sealing, is crucial for preventing blast wave ingress and mitigating TBI.
  • Aerogel composites show potential but require further optimization for comprehensive blast protection.
  • Optimizing face shield coverage and material properties is essential for effective blast wave mitigation.