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Changes in the human transcriptome upon vitamin D supplementation.

Yvonne Pasing1, Christopher Graham Fenton2, Rolf Jorde1

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|March 24, 2017
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This study reveals that vitamin D supplementation significantly impacts gene expression in women, identifying 99 regulated genes, many previously unknown. These findings highlight vitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Molecular Biology
  • Human Physiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Vitamin D, after hydroxylation in the liver and kidneys, becomes active and binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR).
  • The VDR functions as a transcription factor, regulating an estimated 5% of the human genome.
  • Previous studies on vitamin D's effect on gene expression were limited by small sample sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gene expression changes in response to long-term vitamin D supplementation.
  • To investigate potential differences in gene expression regulation between sexes.
  • To identify novel genes influenced by vitamin D.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 94 subjects (47 vitamin D3, 47 placebo) over 3-5 years.
  • Weekly dosage of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 was administered.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression in blood was analyzed using microarray analysis.

Main Results:

  • No significant gene expression differences were found when analyzing all subjects together.
  • Significant gene expression alterations were observed when analyzing men and women separately, with notable effects in women.
  • Analysis of subjects with extreme serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels revealed 99 regulated genes (p≤0.05), with 72 being novel findings.
  • Regulated genes were primarily involved in interleukin signaling, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D supplementation has a sex-specific effect on gene expression, particularly in women.
  • This study identified numerous novel vitamin D-regulated genes, expanding our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
  • The findings suggest new avenues for research into vitamin D's role in various physiological processes.