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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Posterior Approach for Debridement of the Psoas Abscess
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Extraperitoneal abscess originating from an ischorectal abscess.

Eman Hamza1, Mirza Faraz Saeed1, Amro Salem1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Persistent sepsis despite ischorectal abscess drainage indicates potential ascending infection. Further investigation is crucial for patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, even after local treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical infection management
  • Abdominal surgery complications
  • Sepsis treatment

Background:

  • Ischorectal abscesses can lead to severe infections.
  • Sepsis requires prompt and effective treatment.
  • Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) indicates a severe inflammatory state.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with ongoing sepsis despite incision and drainage for an ischorectal abscess.
  • An ascending infection was identified, spreading to the extraperitoneal space of the abdominal cavity.
  • Multiple drainage procedures and a lower midline incision were necessary for deep-seated abscesses.

Findings:

  • Vacuum-assisted closure and antibiotics were used for postoperative wound management.
  • The patient demonstrated clinical improvement and was discharged.
  • The case highlights a complex infectious process extending beyond the initial abscess site.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the need for thorough investigation in cases of persistent SIRS post-abscess treatment.
  • Suggests that ascending infections require aggressive and multi-stage surgical intervention.
  • Underscores the importance of considering deeper or contiguous spread of infection in abdominal cases.