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Related Experiment Video

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Smartphone viewing distance and sleep: an experimental study utilizing motion capture technology.

Michitaka Yoshimura1, Momoko Kitazawa2, Yasuhiro Maeda3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo.

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Shorter smartphone viewing distances, especially when lying down, are linked to worse sleep quality, reduced sleep efficiency, and longer sleep latency. Adjusting viewing distance may improve sleep health.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Smartphone use is linked to sleep disturbances, potentially due to blue light exposure affecting melatonin.
  • Viewing distance influences screen illuminance and can cause eye strain (asthenopia), but its specific impact on sleep is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between smartphone viewing distance and subjective sleep status.
  • To determine if viewing distance impacts sleep quality, efficiency, and latency.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three nursing students measured their smartphone viewing distances in sitting and lying positions using a noncontact motion-sensing device.
  • Subjective sleep status was assessed using validated questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, morningness-eveningness questionnaire, and Epworth sleepiness scale.

Main Results:

  • Viewing distances were significantly shorter in the lying position (16.4±2.7 cm) compared to the sitting position (20.3±4.7 cm).
  • Shorter viewing distances in the lying position correlated with poorer subjective sleep quality (R²=0.27), lower sleep efficiency (R²=0.35), and longer sleep latency (R²=0.38).

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone viewing distance, particularly in the lying position, significantly impacts subjective sleep status.
  • Recommendations for ideal smartphone use should consider viewing distances to mitigate negative sleep outcomes.