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Brief submaximal isometric exercise improves cold pressor pain tolerance.

Emily Foxen-Craft1,2, Lynnda M Dahlquist3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA. emilycf@med.umich.edu.

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Brief exercise increases pain tolerance but has inconsistent effects on pain perception. This study shows exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is generalizable to short, submaximal efforts and cold pain.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Pain perception
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is the reduction in pain sensitivity after physical activity.
  • Mechanisms of EIH are not fully understood due to methodological inconsistencies in previous research.
  • Generalizability of EIH to different exercise types and pain stimuli requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generalizability of EIH to brief, submaximal isometric exercise.
  • To examine the effects of this exercise on cold pressor pain.
  • To address methodological limitations of prior EIH studies.

Main Methods:

  • 134 young adults underwent a cold pressor test, maximal voluntary contraction, and rest.
  • Participants then performed either 2-minute submaximal isometric handgrip exercise or a sham exercise.
  • A post-exercise cold pressor test assessed pain tolerance, intensity, and unpleasantness.

Main Results:

  • Cold pressor pain tolerance significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the sham group.
  • No significant changes were observed in pain intensity ratings.
  • Pain unpleasantness ratings were marginally affected by the exercise intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Brief submaximal isometric exercise can enhance cold pressor pain tolerance.
  • The analgesic effect of exercise on pain perception, specifically intensity and unpleasantness, may be inconsistent.
  • Findings support the generalizability of EIH to specific exercise protocols and pain models.