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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous &#946;2-Microglobulin
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Gorilla MHC class I gene and sequence variation in a comparative context.

Jörg B Hans1, Richard A Bergl2, Linda Vigilant3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. joerg_hans@eva.mpg.de.

Immunogenetics
|March 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Gorilla MHC class I gene diversity is lower than expected, suggesting a reduced immune gene repertoire in these great apes. This study reveals novel gorilla MHC class I alleles and provides insights into primate immune evolution.

Keywords:
EvolutionGogoHaplotypesMHC genotypingNext-generation sequencingPacBio

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunogenetics

Background:

  • Gorillas are humans' closest living relatives, yet their Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I genes (Gogo) are poorly understood.
  • Understanding MHC variation in gorillas offers insights into immune system evolution across hominids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the full-length MHC class I gene structure and diversity in gorillas.
  • To identify novel MHC class I alleles and genes in the gorilla genome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-range amplifications and long-read sequencing technology.
  • Analyzed genomic sequences from 35 gorillas to characterize MHC class I genes.

Main Results:

  • Sequenced 50 full-length MHC class I genes, identifying 15 Gogo-A, 4 Gogo-Oko, 21 Gogo-B, and 10 Gogo-C alleles.
  • Discovered 19 novel coding region sequences and two previously undetected MHC class I genes.
  • Gorilla MHC haplotypes show shared characteristics with humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans, indicating a complex evolutionary history.
  • Observed notably low overall MHC class I diversity in gorillas.

Conclusions:

  • Gorillas may possess a reduced MHC class I gene repertoire compared to other great apes.
  • The findings highlight the utility of advanced sequencing for comprehensive MHC genotyping.
  • Gorilla MHC class I evolution is intertwined with that of other hominids, suggesting complex historical interactions.