Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes
Neal L Benowitz1,2, Joseph B Fraiman3
1Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, Departments of Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue #3316, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
Nature Reviews. Cardiology
|March 24, 2017
Summary
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) may pose cardiovascular risks, primarily due to nicotine, but likely less than traditional smoking. Public health could benefit if smokers switch to ECs.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular safety is a key concern in electronic cigarette (EC) use discussions.
- EC emissions like nicotine, oxidants, and aldehydes may impact cardiovascular health.
- Current research links most observed EC cardiovascular effects to nicotine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the cardiovascular risks and benefits associated with electronic cigarette (EC) use.
- To compare the potential harm of ECs versus traditional cigarette smoking.
Main Methods:
- Review of pharmacological and toxicological studies on EC constituents.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on nicotine exposure from smokeless tobacco.
- Qualitative and quantitative comparison of EC aerosol and cigarette smoke.
Main Results:
- Nicotine's role in acute cardiovascular events and atherogenesis is supported by studies.
- Swedish smokeless tobacco data suggests nicotine may increase acute cardiovascular events in those with coronary heart disease.
- Cardiovascular effects of EC-derived aldehydes, particulates, and flavorants remain undetermined.
Conclusions:
- Electronic cigarettes (ECs) may present cardiovascular risks, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions.
- The cardiovascular risk from ECs is presumed lower than from traditional cigarette smoking.
- Widespread adoption of ECs over cigarettes could potentially benefit public health.
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