The Challenge of Assessing Microcephaly in the Context of the Zika Virus Epidemic
Llorenç Quintó1,2, Alberto L García-Basteiro1,3,4, Azucena Bardají1,2,3
1ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract:
The present article examines the impact of the current limitations of the microcephaly definition in the context of the Zika virus outbreak. It highlights its dependence on the method used for determining gestational age and other anthropometric parameters, and includes original results of prevalence of microcephaly in four countries from two different continents (Mozambique, Brazil, Guatemala and Colombia). Alternative definitions of microcephaly are proposed to allow the identification of true cases of microcephaly in a more accurate manner.
Insights
The current microcephaly definition is limited, especially during the Zika virus outbreak. This study proposes improved definitions for more accurate identification of microcephaly cases.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The Zika virus outbreak highlighted limitations in the current definition of microcephaly.
- Accurate diagnosis of microcephaly is crucial for understanding its impact and for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the limitations of the current microcephaly definition.
- To propose alternative definitions for more accurate microcephaly identification.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the dependence of microcephaly diagnosis on gestational age determination methods and anthropometric parameters.
- Collection and analysis of original prevalence data from Mozambique, Brazil, Guatemala, and Colombia.
Main Results:
- The current microcephaly definition shows limitations due to variability in diagnostic methods.
- Prevalence data from four countries reveal inconsistencies potentially linked to definition variability.
- Alternative definitions were explored to improve case identification.
Conclusions:
- The existing microcephaly definition requires refinement, particularly in the context of viral outbreaks.
- Revised definitions are necessary for accurate epidemiological surveillance and clinical management of microcephaly.
- Further research is needed to validate alternative definitions globally.
