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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Biomolecule Interactions Influence Oral Absorption.

Mi-Rae Jo1, Jin Yu2, Hyoung-Jun Kim3

  • 1Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea. mirae8651@naver.com.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Food grade titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles show slightly higher oral absorption in rats than general grade TiO₂ NPs, influenced by biomolecule interactions and M-cell transport, but are mostly excreted in feces.

Keywords:
biomoleculeinteractionintestinal transportoral absorptiontitanium dioxide

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Toxicology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used across industries.
  • Increased application raises concerns regarding potential TiO₂ NP toxicity.
  • Understanding NP-biomolecule interactions is crucial for assessing in vivo behavior and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vivo behavior of food grade TiO₂ (f-TiO₂) NPs compared to general grade (g-TiO₂) NPs.
  • To investigate the influence of biomolecule interactions on TiO₂ NP oral absorption and fate.
  • To elucidate the intestinal transport pathways of TiO₂ NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Oral administration of f-TiO₂ and g-TiO₂ NPs to rats.
  • Assessment of in vivo solubility, oral absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion kinetics.
  • Investigation of NP interactions with biomolecules (glucose, albumin) and 3D intestinal culture systems.

Main Results:

  • Slightly higher oral absorption of f-TiO₂ NPs compared to g-TiO₂ NPs was observed.
  • Intestinal transport via microfold (M) cells may contribute to f-TiO₂ NP absorption.
  • Most NPs were eliminated via feces, with biokinetics dependent on biomolecule interactions and surface chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • Biomolecule interactions significantly influence TiO₂ NP biokinetics and dispersibility.
  • The transport mechanism and surface chemistry are key factors in TiO₂ NP oral absorption and fate.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the toxicological implications of TiO₂ NP exposure.