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Electromagnetic Vortex-Based Radar Imaging Using a Single Receiving Antenna: Theory and Experimental Results.

Tiezhu Yuan1, Hongqiang Wang2, Yongqiang Cheng3

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|March 25, 2017
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Summary

This study demonstrates radar imaging using electromagnetic vortex with a single antenna, achieving azimuth resolution without motion. A novel phase compensation method enables direct image reconstruction, verified experimentally.

Keywords:
azimuth resolutionorbital angular momentum (OAM)phase compensationradar imaginguniform circular array (UCA)vortical radio wave

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetic vortex radar imaging
  • Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) principles

Background:

  • Traditional radar imaging often requires relative motion between the radar and target for azimuth resolution.
  • Electromagnetic vortex offers potential for motion-independent azimuth resolution, but its application with a single receiver presents reconstruction challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of achieving azimuth resolution using electromagnetic vortex radar with a single receiving antenna.
  • To develop and validate a phase compensation method for direct image reconstruction from single-receiver data.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis using point spread function to understand imaging limitations.
  • Development of a phase compensation algorithm based on array parameters and target elevation.
  • Implementation of a proof-of-concept imaging system with a circular phased array.
  • Experimental validation using corner-reflector targets in an anechoic chamber.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that echoes from a single receiver require phase compensation for Fourier-based image reconstruction.
  • Successfully reconstructed azimuthal images using Fourier transform and spectral estimation methods.
  • Experimental data confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed phase compensation method for azimuth resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Electromagnetic vortex radar imaging with a single antenna is feasible for achieving azimuth resolution without relative motion.
  • The proposed phase compensation technique is crucial for direct image reconstruction in single-receiver systems.
  • Experimental results validate the theoretical principles and the practical applicability of the developed method.