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Fruit Juice and Change in BMI: A Meta-analysis

Brandon J Auerbach1,2, Fred M Wolf2,3,4, Abigail Hikida4,5,6

  • 1Departments of Medicine, brandon.auerbach@post.harvard.edu.

Pediatrics
|March 25, 2017
PubMed

Insights

One daily serving of 100% fruit juice may lead to a small, not clinically significant, weight gain in young children (ages 1-6). No association was found in older children (ages 7-18).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Childhood Obesity
  • Dietary Habits

Background:

  • The link between 100% fruit juice consumption and weight gain in children is a subject of ongoing debate.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for establishing pediatric dietary guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the intake of 100% fruit juice and changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) or BMI z-score in children.
  • To provide evidence-based insights into the impact of fruit juice on children's weight.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies was conducted.
  • Data were extracted from major scientific databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane.
  • Eight prospective cohort studies, encompassing 34,470 children, met the inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Increased consumption of 100% fruit juice was associated with a minor increase in BMI z-score across all age groups when controlling for total energy intake.
  • Specifically, in children aged 1 to 6 years, each daily 6- to 8-oz serving increment of 100% fruit juice correlated with a 0.087 unit increase in BMI z-score (4% increase in BMI percentile).
  • No significant association between 100% fruit juice intake and BMI z-score increase was observed in children aged 7 to 18 years.

Conclusions:

  • 100% fruit juice consumption is linked to a small, clinically insignificant weight gain in children aged 1 to 6 years.
  • There is no observed association between 100% fruit juice intake and weight gain in older children (ages 7-18).
  • Further research is recommended, particularly for the 1-6 year age group, to clarify these findings.
Abstract

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