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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

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How "you" makes meaning.

Ariana Orvell1, Ethan Kross1, Susan A Gelman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. aorvell@umich.edu ekross@umich.edu gelman@umich.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The common word "you" can express universal truths and norms. Using "generic-you" when discussing negative experiences helps people normalize them by seeing them as common, not isolated.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • The word "you" has dual uses: direct address and general statements.
  • The general use, "generic-you," is understudied despite its prevalence.
  • Understanding "generic-you" is key to understanding meaning-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of "generic-you" in expressing norms.
  • To explore how "generic-you" influences meaning derived from experience.
  • To determine if "generic-you" aids in processing negative experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted.
  • Participants reflected on experiences using "generic-you."
  • Analysis focused on norm expression and experience normalization.

Main Results:

  • "Generic-you" effectively expresses norms in various contexts.
  • Using "generic-you" for negative experiences normalized them.
  • This linguistic device facilitates extending personal experiences beyond the self.

Conclusions:

  • "Generic-you" is a powerful linguistic tool for meaning-making.
  • It serves to express social norms and universalize experiences.
  • "Generic-you" helps individuals cope with negative events by reducing self-focus.