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Related Concept Videos

Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

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Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
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The Reciprocal Relationship between Suicidality and Stigma.

Bernardo Carpiniello1, Federica Pinna1

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital , Cagliari , Italy.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|March 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Stigma surrounding suicide is a significant risk factor, negatively impacting self-esteem and hindering help-seeking. Combating negative perceptions of mental health and suicide is crucial for prevention efforts.

Keywords:
internalized stigmamediamental disordersmental illnessrisk factorsstigmasuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Stigma can be a cause of suicidality, not just a consequence.
  • This paper explores the intricate link between suicidal behavior and stigmatizing attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex relationship between suicidal behavior and stigmatizing attitudes.
  • To highlight the role of stigma as a risk factor for suicide.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing literature.
  • Searched PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases.
  • Keywords included stigma, suicide, and related terms.

Main Results:

  • Suicidal individuals face negative perceptions, social distancing, and insurance exclusions.
  • Self-stigma is prevalent among those with suicidal experiences, leading to shame and concealment.
  • Perceived stigma from disorders or minority status increases suicide risk by reducing self-esteem and deterring help-seeking.

Conclusions:

  • Combating stigma towards mental disorders and suicide is essential for prevention.
  • Addressing public and internalized stigma requires concerted efforts and media-societal alliances.
  • Specialist care and psychological interventions are vital for populations affected by stigma.