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Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Molar incisor hypomineralisation.

Greig D Taylor1

  • 1Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|March 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early childhood illness, particularly fever, is linked to molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). However, prenatal and perinatal factors show little association with MIH development. Further research is needed to understand the multifactorial causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Dental Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common enamel defect affecting permanent first molars and incisors.
  • The etiology of MIH is considered multifactorial, but specific risk factors remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the association between various factors and MIH.
  • To investigate potential links between prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood factors and the occurrence of MIH and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and specialized pediatric dentistry journals.
  • Included studies were English-language cohort and case-control designs, with risk of bias assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
  • Meta-analysis was not performed; findings were synthesized qualitatively.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-eight studies were included, focusing on MIH (25 studies) and HSPM (3 studies).
  • Little evidence supported associations between MIH and common prenatal factors (smoking, maternal illness, medication, stress) or perinatal factors (prematurity, low birth weight, birth complications).
  • Early childhood illness, especially fever, showed a crude association with MIH in six studies. Associations with antibiotics, anti-asthma medication, and breastfeeding were also evaluated. For HSPM, maternal alcohol intake was a potential factor, while antibiotic use was unlikely associated.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal and perinatal factors appear infrequently associated with MIH.
  • Early childhood illness, particularly fever, is a potential risk factor for MIH, despite limited prospective evidence.
  • Further prospective, genetic, and epigenetic studies are necessary to elucidate the complex, multifactorial etiology of MIH.